In view of the rapid advances in medical science, all textbooks need to be revised and updated to include the latest information and recommendations. It is primarily to inform and serve the needs of the students as well as practitioners. Besides a thorough revision and remodelling of all chapters, this edition of the book provides up-to-date information about the neonatal advance life support and some diseases in the newborn, respiratory diseases, viz., Pneumonia and Asthma, recent recommendations of treatment of infectious diseases like Malaria, Dengue, Tuberculosis and AIDS. To complete any such work, you need the good wish and all round help of well-wishers. I must mention that my most important driving force is the students. Their appreciation and good words about the book was the sole inspiration for this revised edition. I take this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks and gratitude to Dr. Santanu Deb, Senior Pediatrician, Nazareth Hospital, Shillong, Dr. Anupama Deka, Professor and HOD, Pediatrics, Silchar Medical College, Dr. Gautam Medhi, Associate Professor, FAAMC, Barpeta for going through the newly written as well as the revised and modified chapters and good suggestions. My heartfelt thanks also to Dr. Ripon Debbarma, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Agartala Government Medical College, Tripura, for the photograph of the child in the cover. Last but not the least I am grateful to Mr. Pawaninder Pal Vij, Director, Peepee Publishers and Distributors (P) Ltd. for taking the task of publishing the second edition of this book.